Metabolic Impact of Anticancer Drugs Pd2Spermine and Cisplatin on the Brain of Healthy Mice.

The new palladium agent Pd2Spermine (Spm) has been reported to exhibit promising cytotoxic properties, while potentially circumventing the known disadvantages associated to cisplatin therapeutics, namely acquired resistance and high toxicity. This work presents a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics study of brain extracts obtained from healthy mice, to assess the metabolic impacts of the new Pd2Spm complex in comparison to that of cisplatin. The proton NMR spectra of both polar and nonpolar brain extracts were analyzed by multivariate and univariate statistics, unveiling several metabolite variations during the time course of exposition to each drug (1-48 h). The distinct time-course dependence of such changes revealed useful information on the drug-induced dynamics of metabolic disturbances and recovery periods, namely regarding amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, and membrane precursors and phospholipids. Putative biochemical explanations were proposed, based on existing pharmacokinetics data and previously reported metabolic responses elicited by the same metal complexes in the liver of the same animals. Generally, results suggest a more effective response of brain metabolism towards the possible detrimental effects of Pd2Spm, with more rapid recovery back to metabolites' control levels and, thus, indicating that the palladium drug may exert a more beneficial role than cDDP in relation to brain toxicity.

Mensuração da identificação com times de futebol: evidências de validade fatorial e consistência interna de duas escalas / Measurement of identification with soccer teams: factorial validity evidence and internal consistency of two scales

O estudo trata da adaptação, construção e validação de duas medidas de identificação grupal de torcedores de futebol com os times para que torcem, a Escala de Identificação do Torcedor com o Time (EITT) e a Escala de Fanatismo em Torcedores de Futebol (EFTF). As duas medidas foram validadas com uma amostra de 264 participantes que se encontravam em campi universitários, todos torcedores ou simpatizantes de algum time de futebol brasileiro em maior ou menor grau. A análise estatística dos dados aponta que as duas medidas possuem uma única dimensão e seus índices de fidedignidade são satisfatórios. As escalas permitem diferenciar graus de envolvimento de torcedores segundo níveis de identificação. A distribuição das duas medidas é diferente porque os itens da EFTF tratam de aspectos mais extremos de identificação. Discutem-se as características das duas escalas, concluindo-se que ambas são adequadas para uso em estudos sociopsicológicos de identificação grupal(AU)

The study is about the adaptation, construction and validation of two measures of soccer supporters’ group identification with the teams that they support, the Football Supporter Team Identification Scale (FSTIS), and the Football Supporter Fanatism Scale (FSFS). The two measures were validated with a sample of 264 participants who were at university campi, all of which supported a Brazilian football team to a bigger or smaller degree. Statistical data analyses point out that the two measures have a single dimension and their reliability indexes are satisfactory. The scales can distinguish involvement degrees by identification levels. Both measures’ distributions are different because FSFS items deal with more extreme identification elements. Scales’ characteristics are discussed, and it is concluded that both are adequate for use in sociopsychological group identification studies(AU)

Mensuração da identificação com times de futebol: evidências de validade fatorial e consistência interna de duas escalas / Measurement of identification with soccer teams: factorial validity evidence and internal consistency of two scales

O estudo trata da adaptação, construção e validação de duas medidas de identificação grupal de torcedores de futebol com os times para que torcem, a Escala de Identificação do Torcedor com o Time (EITT) e a Escala de Fanatismo em Torcedores de Futebol (EFTF). As duas medidas foram validadas com uma amostra de 264 participantes que se encontravam em campi universitários, todos torcedores ou simpatizantes de algum time de futebol brasileiro em maior ou menor grau. A análise estatística dos dados aponta que as duas medidas possuem uma única dimensão e seus índices de fidedignidade são satisfatórios. As escalas permitem diferenciar graus de envolvimento de torcedores segundo níveis de identificação. A distribuição das duas medidas é diferente porque os itens da EFTF tratam de aspectos mais extremos de identificação. Discutem-se as características das duas escalas, concluindo-se que ambas são adequadas para uso em estudos sociopsicológicos de identificação grupal.

The study is about the adaptation, construction and validation of two measures of soccer supporters’ group identification with the teams that they support, the Football Supporter Team Identification Scale (FSTIS), and the Football Supporter Fanatism Scale (FSFS). The two measures were validated with a sample of 264 participants who were at university campi, all of which supported a Brazilian football team to a bigger or smaller degree. Statistical data analyses point out that the two measures have a single dimension and their reliability indexes are satisfactory. The scales can distinguish involvement degrees by identification levels. Both measures’ distributions are different because FSFS items deal with more extreme identification elements. Scales’ characteristics are discussed, and it is concluded that both are adequate for use in sociopsychological group identification studies.